Investor Information
Chairman's Letter
February 28, 2008
To Our Shareholders:
I would like to start off this letter in a rather
unconventional way by congratulating the New York Giants, led by their young
quarterback Eli Manning and by head coach Tom Coughlin, for winning the Super
Bowl earlier this month. This was quite an upset victory. Throughout the
regular season, fans and the media were quick to criticize Manning every time he
had a bad game, and to question his leadership. As recently as late November,
after a particularly disappointing loss to Minnesota in which Manning threw four
interceptions, many pundits were declaring him a bust. Manning, however, did
not give up or lose heart. He remained focused, continued to work hard on his
game and on improving his skills, ultimately leading the Giants to the NFL
Championship and being named the Super Bowl MVP.
I mention this not because I am a Giants fan (I am actually
a lifelong fan of the New York Jets) but rather because the Giants’ story
reminds me of what we went through a few years ago with Kmart. When I first
became involved with Kmart in 2002, during its bankruptcy, the company had been
given up for dead by most industry analysts and media commentators. Kmart was
like an undrafted free agent who nobody thought had a chance to play in the big
leagues. Its more than 150,000 employees and its investors had an uncertain
future. Despite intense criticism of and skepticism about the company and its
prospects, we were able to rally Kmart’s various constituents and turn an
unprofitable, failing company into a profitable company with hope for the
future. Like Eli Manning, we know what it’s like to be underestimated and
questioned, but we intend to keep working on our game to achieve our full
potential.
I would be the first to tell you that I never expected it
to be easy, and it certainly hasn’t been. But it has been rewarding – rewarding
to those investors in Kmart who stuck with the company after it emerged from
bankruptcy, to the vendors who continued doing business with Kmart, to the
associates who remained with Kmart, and to the customers and communities who
continued to support the company.
In late 2004, Kmart was on its way to earning almost $1
billion in Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization
(EBITDA), had built up almost $4 billion in cash, and had virtually no debt. In
November 2004, we believed that the company’s prospects could be enhanced by a
partner who could help improve the productivity of Kmart’s almost 1,500 stores.
Sears had been challenged for many years and found itself seeking a way to grow
outside of the mall. Expanding by building a large number of stores was a risky
strategy. By merging, the combined company would have the scale, time, and
capabilities to compete more effectively against many of its more profitable
rivals.
Again, at the announcement of the merger there were
skeptics in the industry, in the media, and in the financial community. Many of
the issues raised were valid. However, the sensationalist tone masked the real
debate. How would Kmart compete against the more profitable and better
capitalized Wal-Mart and Target? How would Sears compete with Home Depot and
Lowe’s as well as Best Buy, Kohl’s and JC Penney? Why would we believe that we
could do something that so many others had tried with mixed results?
All of these are legitimate questions. What we have tried
to do is improve our operations in the near term while positioning ourselves for
long-term success. After the merger, we initially worked to improve our
operations by focusing on the basics, like markdown disciplines and expense
management. At the same time, we have been prioritizing our resources to
rebuild many of the company’s systems and processes by taking a longer-term view
than most investors and business managers.
Looking forward, I continue to be excited
about the prospects for Sears Holdings. In 2008, we need to reverse much of the
profit erosion we experienced in 2007. It won’t be easy, especially if the
economy stays soft. The environment surrounding U.S. retail has been very
difficult; we were not alone in experiencing disappointing performance this past
year. Many retail companies lost significant market value. As illustrated in
the table below, while the recent correction has brought Sears Holdings’ stock
price down from an increase of nearly 20 times since Kmart emerged from
bankruptcy to around ten times, it remains one of the top-performing retail
stocks over the past five years. In addition, it is not clear that heavy
expenditures of capital guarantee either short or long term success. Like any
investment of capital, the return on that capital over time will determine its
wisdom.
Retail Companies with Market Capitalization Greater than $5 billion
($ in millions, except per share data; sorted by Return Since 5/6/2003)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
2/26/2008
Market
Cap |
|
2/26/2008
Price |
|
Return
Since Kmart
Emergence
5/6/2003 |
|
2007
Return |
|
|
LTM (c)
Sales |
|
Capex |
|
LTM (c)
Data as of: |
| LTM (c) |
|
FYE07 |
|
FYE06 |
|
| Sears Holdings Corporation |
13,951 |
|
$ |
101.36 |
|
914 |
% |
(b) |
|
(39) |
% |
|
50,703 |
|
582 |
|
513 |
|
586 |
|
2/2/08 |
| Urban Outfitters Inc. |
5,143 |
|
$ |
30.98 |
|
707 |
% |
|
|
18 |
% |
|
1,403 |
|
128 |
|
212 |
|
128 |
|
10/31/07 |
| GameStop Corp. |
7,583 |
|
$ |
47.11 |
|
703 |
% |
|
|
125 |
% |
|
6,532 |
|
174 |
|
134 |
|
111 |
|
11/3/07 |
| Nordstrom Inc. (a) |
8,500 |
|
$ |
38.46 |
|
360 |
% |
|
|
(26) |
% |
|
8,828 |
|
501 |
|
264 |
|
272 |
|
2/2/08 |
| CVS Caremark Corp. |
59,209 |
|
$ |
40.09 |
|
214 |
% |
|
|
29 |
% |
|
76,330 |
|
1,805 |
|
1,805 |
|
1,769 |
|
12/29/07 |
| J. C. Penney Company, Inc |
11,185 |
|
$ |
50.45 |
|
205 |
% |
|
|
(43) |
% |
|
19,860 |
|
1,243 |
|
772 |
|
535 |
|
2/2/08 |
| Polo Ralph Lauren Corp. |
6,869 |
|
$ |
67.50 |
|
197 |
% |
|
|
(20) |
% |
|
4,671 |
|
232 |
|
184 |
|
159 |
|
12/29/07 |
| Coach Inc. |
11,437 |
|
$ |
32.50 |
|
187 |
% |
|
|
(29) |
% |
|
2,932 |
|
154 |
|
141 |
|
134 |
|
12/29/07 |
| Abercrombie & Fitch Co. |
6,995 |
|
$ |
81.19 |
|
174 |
% |
|
|
15 |
% |
|
3,750 |
|
NA |
|
403 |
|
256 |
|
2/2/08 |
| Amazon.com Inc. |
29,882 |
|
$ |
71.69 |
|
132 |
% |
|
|
135 |
% |
|
14,835 |
|
224 |
|
224 |
|
216 |
|
12/31/07 |
| Best Buy Co. Inc. |
19,506 |
|
$ |
46.50 |
|
105 |
% |
|
|
7 |
% |
|
39,504 |
|
797 |
|
733 |
|
648 |
|
12/1/07 |
| Costco Wholesale Corp. |
28,894 |
|
$ |
66.46 |
|
98 |
% |
|
|
32 |
% |
|
66,058 |
|
1,434 |
|
1,386 |
|
1,217 |
|
11/25/07 |
| The TJX Companies, Inc. |
14,557 |
|
$ |
33.31 |
|
86 |
% |
|
|
2 |
% |
|
18,647 |
|
527 |
|
378 |
|
496 |
|
1/26/08 |
| SUPERVALU Inc. |
5,963 |
|
$ |
28.19 |
|
86 |
% |
|
|
7 |
% |
|
43,961 |
|
1,025 |
|
837 |
|
308 |
|
12/1/07 |
| Kroger Co. |
17,523 |
|
$ |
25.94 |
|
85 |
% |
|
|
17 |
% |
|
69,859 |
|
2,133 |
|
1,683 |
|
1,306 |
|
11/10/07 |
| Staples, Inc. |
16,730 |
|
$ |
23.66 |
|
81 |
% |
|
|
(13) |
% |
|
19,334 |
|
492 |
|
528 |
|
456 |
|
11/3/07 |
| Macys, Inc. (a) |
11,483 |
|
$ |
26.52 |
|
80 |
% |
|
|
(31) |
% |
|
26,313 |
|
994 |
|
1,317 |
|
568 |
|
2/2/08 |
| Safeway Inc. |
13,400 |
|
$ |
30.29 |
|
66 |
% |
|
|
(0) |
% |
|
42,286 |
|
1,769 |
|
1,769 |
|
1,674 |
|
12/29/07 |
| Target Corp. (a) |
45,605 |
|
$ |
54.89 |
|
66 |
% |
|
|
(12) |
% |
|
63,367 |
|
4,369 |
|
3,928 |
|
3,388 |
|
2/2/08 |
| Starbucks Corp. |
13,820 |
|
$ |
19.06 |
|
59 |
% |
|
|
(42) |
% |
|
9,823 |
|
1,073 |
|
1,080 |
|
771 |
|
12/30/07 |
| Limited Brands Inc. (a) |
6,357 |
|
$ |
18.00 |
|
52 |
% |
|
|
(32) |
% |
|
10,134 |
|
788 |
|
548 |
|
480 |
|
2/2/08 |
| AutoZone Inc. (a) |
7,893 |
|
$ |
124.93 |
|
46 |
% |
|
|
4 |
% |
|
6,271 |
|
217 |
|
224 |
|
264 |
|
2/9/08 |
| Tiffany & Co. |
5,175 |
|
$ |
40.75 |
|
46 |
% |
|
|
19 |
% |
|
2,932 |
|
194 |
|
182 |
|
157 |
|
10/31/07 |
| Whole Foods Market Inc. |
5,167 |
|
$ |
37.04 |
|
29 |
% |
|
|
(12) |
% |
|
7,178 |
|
538 |
|
530 |
|
340 |
|
1/20/08 |
| Gap Inc. |
14,867 |
|
$ |
20.27 |
|
28 |
% |
|
|
11 |
% |
|
16,027 |
|
685 |
|
572 |
|
600 |
|
11/3/07 |
| Walgreen Co. |
37,425 |
|
$ |
37.75 |
|
18 |
% |
|
|
(16) |
% |
|
55,081 |
|
1,858 |
|
1,785 |
|
1,338 |
|
11/30/07 |
| Lowes Companies Inc. (a) |
36,435 |
|
$ |
24.99 |
|
15 |
% |
|
|
(27) |
% |
|
48,283 |
|
4,010 |
|
3,916 |
|
3,379 |
|
2/1/08 |
| The Home Depot, Inc (a) |
48,654 |
|
$ |
28.83 |
|
5 |
% |
|
|
(31) |
% |
|
77,349 |
|
3,388 |
|
3,542 |
|
3,881 |
|
2/3/08 |
| Wal-Mart Stores Inc. |
205,847 |
|
$ |
51.40 |
|
(2) |
% |
|
|
5 |
% |
|
378,799 |
|
14,937 |
|
15,666 |
|
14,530 |
|
1/31/08 |
| Kohls Corp. |
14,821 |
|
$ |
47.25 |
|
(16) |
% |
|
|
(33) |
% |
|
16,382 |
|
1,510 |
|
1,142 |
|
828 |
|
11/3/07 |
| Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. |
7,974 |
|
$ |
30.44 |
|
(25) |
% |
|
|
(23) |
% |
|
7,111 |
|
339 |
|
318 |
|
220 |
|
12/1/07 |
Notes:
All
pricing data sourced directly from Bloomberg; stock prices have been dividend-adjusted.
All company financial data sourced directly from Capital IQ on
February 27, 2008, except where otherwise noted and except for all Sears Holdings data
(a) Company financial data from latest press release.
(b) Assumes $10.00 Kmart plan participant price on 5/6/03
(c) LTM is last twelve months
For a company like Sears Holdings, which has been in a
rebuilding phase, the macroeconomic issues compound the difficulty of the
rebuilding effort. Earning over $2.5 billion in Adjusted EBITDA in 2007,
however, provides us with capital to be in a position to take advantage of
future opportunities to invest in our business and create value for
shareholders. We also have a strong balance sheet, as we ended the year with
$1.6 billion in cash and a reduced debt load while some retail companies have
increased their debt over time as shown below.
Retail Companies with Market Capitalization Greater than $5 billion
($ in millions; sorted by Return Since
5/6/2003)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Debt |
|
Cash |
|
LTM (c) /
MRQ (d)
Data as of: |
|
FYE07 =
FY Ending: |
| |
|
MRQ (d) |
|
FYE07 |
|
FYE06 |
|
FYE05 |
|
FYE04 |
|
MRQ (d) |
|
|
| Sears Holdings Corporation |
|
3,009 |
|
3,548 |
|
4,016 |
|
4,863 |
|
(e) |
|
8,655 |
|
(e) |
|
1,622 |
|
2/2/08 |
|
2/3/07 |
| Urban Outfitters Inc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
191 |
|
10/31/07 |
|
1/31/07 |
| GameStop Corp. |
|
574 |
|
856 |
|
976 |
|
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
278 |
|
11/3/07 |
|
2/3/07 |
| Nordstrom Inc. (a) |
|
2,497 |
|
639 |
|
934 |
|
1,030 |
|
|
|
1,234 |
|
|
|
358 |
|
2/2/08 |
|
2/3/07 |
| CVS Caremark Corp. |
|
10,482 |
|
10,482 |
|
5,057 |
|
2,189 |
|
|
|
2,842 |
|
|
|
1,084 |
|
12/29/07 |
|
12/29/07 |
| J. C. Penney Company, Inc |
|
3,708 |
|
3,444 |
|
3,465 |
|
3,923 |
|
|
|
5,374 |
|
|
|
2,471 |
|
2/2/08 |
|
2/3/07 |
| Polo Ralph Lauren Corp. |
|
618 |
|
446 |
|
305 |
|
293 |
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
824 |
|
12/29/07 |
|
3/31/07 |
| Coach Inc. |
|
17 |
|
3 |
|
3 |
|
16 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
891 |
|
12/29/07 |
|
6/30/07 |
| Abercrombie & Fitch Co. |
|
|
|
27 |
|
59 |
|
54 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
649 |
|
2/2/08 |
|
2/3/07 |
| Amazon.com Inc. |
|
1,344 |
|
1,344 |
|
1,267 |
|
1,485 |
|
|
|
1,857 |
|
|
|
3,112 |
|
12/31/07 |
|
12/31/06 |
| Best Buy Co. Inc. |
|
988 |
|
650 |
|
596 |
|
668 |
|
|
|
920 |
|
|
|
1,614 |
|
12/1/07 |
|
3/3/07 |
| Costco Wholesale Corp. |
|
2,219 |
|
2,222 |
|
565 |
|
768 |
|
|
|
1,321 |
|
|
|
3,210 |
|
11/25/07 |
|
9/2/07 |
| The TJX Companies, Inc. |
|
833 |
|
810 |
|
809 |
|
700 |
|
|
|
699 |
|
|
|
733 |
|
1/26/08 |
|
1/27/07 |
| SUPERVALU Inc. |
|
9,128 |
|
9,478 |
|
1,518 |
|
1,678 |
|
|
|
1,940 |
|
|
|
177 |
|
12/1/07 |
|
2/24/07 |
| Kroger Co. |
|
7,462 |
|
7,042 |
|
7,205 |
|
7,901 |
|
|
|
8,260 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
11/10/07 |
|
2/3/07 |
| Staples, Inc. |
|
330 |
|
518 |
|
530 |
|
559 |
|
|
|
758 |
|
|
|
1,032 |
|
11/3/07 |
|
2/3/07 |
| Macys, Inc. (a) |
|
9,753 |
|
9,753 |
|
10,183 |
|
3,879 |
|
|
|
4,059 |
|
|
|
583 |
|
2/2/08 |
|
2/3/07 |
| Safeway Inc. |
|
5,655 |
|
5,655 |
|
5,868 |
|
6,359 |
|
|
|
6,763 |
|
|
|
278 |
|
12/29/07 |
|
12/29/07 |
| Target Corp. (a) |
|
17,090 |
|
10,037 |
|
9,872 |
|
9,538 |
|
|
|
11,018 |
|
|
|
2,450 |
|
2/2/08 |
|
2/3/07 |
| Starbucks Corp. |
|
1,080 |
|
1,264 |
|
703 |
|
281 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
535 |
|
12/30/07 |
|
9/30/07 |
| Limited Brands Inc. (a) |
|
2,905 |
|
1,673 |
|
1,676 |
|
1,646 |
|
|
|
648 |
|
|
|
1,019 |
|
2/2/08 |
|
2/3/07 |
| AutoZone Inc. (a) |
|
2,151 |
|
1,991 |
|
1,857 |
|
1,862 |
|
|
|
1,869 |
|
|
|
93 |
|
2/9/08 |
|
8/25/07 |
| Tiffany & Co. |
|
463 |
|
518 |
|
472 |
|
441 |
|
|
|
487 |
|
|
|
391 |
|
10/31/07 |
|
1/31/07 |
| Whole Foods Market Inc. |
|
773 |
|
761 |
|
9 |
|
19 |
|
|
|
171 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
1/20/08 |
|
9/30/07 |
| Gap Inc. |
|
188 |
|
513 |
|
513 |
|
1,886 |
|
|
|
2,770 |
|
|
|
1,656 |
|
11/3/07 |
|
2/3/07 |
| Walgreen Co. |
|
1,167 |
|
917 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
295 |
|
11/30/07 |
|
8/31/07 |
| Lowes Companies Inc. (a) |
|
6,680 |
|
4,436 |
|
3,531 |
|
3,690 |
|
|
|
3,755 |
|
|
|
530 |
|
2/1/08 |
|
2/2/07 |
| The Home Depot, Inc (a) |
|
13,430 |
|
11,661 |
|
4,085 |
|
2,159 |
|
|
|
1,365 |
|
|
|
457 |
|
2/3/08 |
|
1/28/07 |
| Wal-Mart Stores Inc. |
|
44,671 |
|
39,018 |
|
38,729 |
|
31,052 |
|
|
|
26,466 |
|
|
|
5,569 |
|
1/31/08 |
|
1/31/07 |
| Kohls Corp. |
|
2,227 |
|
1,059 |
|
1,154 |
|
1,107 |
|
|
|
1,089 |
|
|
|
321 |
|
11/3/07 |
|
2/3/07 |
| Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
377 |
|
12/1/07 |
|
3/3/07 |
Notes:
All
pricing data sourced directly from Bloomberg; stock prices have been dividend-adjusted.
All company financial data sourced directly from Capital IQ on
February 27, 2008, except where otherwise noted and except for all Sears Holdings data.
(a) Company financial data from latest press release.
(c) LTM is last twelve months
(d) MRQ is most recent quarter
(e) In FY05 and FY04, Sears Holdings debt represents Sears Roebuck (including Sears Canada) plus Kmart debt
Sears Holdings remains one of the largest retailers in the
United States in terms of revenues, market capitalization, and employees.
However, our profit margins continue to lag our competitors. We intend to
manage the company’s expenses and our inventory position more tightly in 2008 in
order to improve our productivity on both fronts. We will continue to work to
improve our game and work on our skills in the short term, and aim to put this
company on a winning trajectory over the medium and long term.
*
* * *
In the remainder of this year’s letter, I will review our
performance in 2007 and analyze how we have performed both in the context of the
economic environment and also over a longer time horizon. I will focus in
particular on the company’s cash generation since the merger and on how we have
used the cash over the past three years. I will also describe some of Sears
Holdings’ unique assets, including our brands, services, online businesses, real
estate, and people. Finally, I will discuss the current changes we are making
at the company in terms of both organizational structure and management in order
to maximize the value of these resources.
2007 and Fourth Quarter Financial Performance
The 2007 fiscal year was our third year as a combined
company. In our first two years of operations, 2005 and 2006, we generated
substantial profit increases. In 2007, however, we gave back those profit
improvements and returned to the 2004 profit level. But while 2007 was
difficult, we cannot lose sight of the opportunities ahead of us and the
resources we have at our disposal.
For the 2007 fiscal year we reported net income of $826
million. On a per-share basis, earnings were $5.70 in 2007. For the fourth
quarter of 2007, net income was $426 million ($3.17 per share), as compared to
$811 million ($5.27 per share) in the fourth quarter of 2006.
Because GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) net
income includes more than just operating results (it also includes financing and
investing results), we use an Adjusted EBITDA measure internally to evaluate
operating performance. It is called “Adjusted” EBITDA because we also exclude
certain transactions (like gains from asset sales) that we believe are not
reflective of ongoing operating performance. For the 2007 fiscal year our
Adjusted EBITDA declined to $2.55 billion, which is below 2006 and 2005 and
comparable to the 2004 level.
Adjusted EBITDA
($ in millions) |
|
|
|
|
Pro Forma* |
|
2007 |
|
2006** |
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
Domestic |
$2,056 |
|
$3,248 |
|
$ 2,622 |
|
$ 2,134 |
% to revenues |
4.6% |
|
6.8% |
|
5.3% |
|
4.2% |
Sears Canada |
495 |
|
416 |
|
347 |
|
390 |
% to revenues |
8.8% |
|
8.0% |
|
6.8% |
|
8.0% |
Total |
$ 2,551 |
|
$ 3,664 |
|
$ 2,969 |
|
$ 2,524 |
% to revenues |
5.0% |
|
6.9% |
|
5.5% |
|
4.5% |
Please see our earnings release issued today for a reconciliation of Adjusted
EBITDA to GAAP net income.
*The “pro forma” Adjusted EBITDA figures for
2004 and 2005 are derived by combining the results of Kmart and Sears, Roebuck
for those years – i.e., using an assumption that the two companies were
already merged at the beginning of the 2004 fiscal year.
**2006 was a 53-week year, so 2006 did benefit
from an extra week of operations. We estimate that the extra week benefited
2006 EBITDA and fourth quarter 2006 EBITDA by approximately $60 million (please
note that this is an estimate because we do not close our books on a weekly
basis).
Before the merger, Kmart earned almost $1 billion in EBITDA
and had approximately 100 million fully diluted shares outstanding while the
combined company earned over $2.5 billion of Adjusted EBITDA in 2007 and today
has approximately 132 million fully diluted shares outstanding and $1.6 billion
of cash, after having deployed roughly $9 billion of cash during the past three
years. We are proud of the progress we’ve made but do not believe we have
played up to our full potential yet.
2007 in Review
The economy was certainly one of the factors which
contributed to our performance in 2007 – falling housing prices led to mortgage
defaults, which in turn damaged the credit markets and ultimately led to losses
measured in the tens of billions of dollars across the financial services
industry. As a consumer-facing company, we are adversely affected whenever the
macroeconomic environment challenges the individual consumer. Further, given
the large portion of our business which is in big ticket, home-related
categories (e.g., appliances, tractors, treadmills) we are strongly affected by
changes in the housing market. But the economy was not the only factor.
Looking back, we also had too much inventory in 2007, particularly in seasonal
goods like apparel.
As I discussed in last year’s letter, we ended 2006 with
more inventory than we had held in the past. At the time, we believed that the
performance of several of our businesses justified the increase in our inventory
investment to grow our earnings. Much of the profit improvement that occurred
in both 2005 and 2006 was due to the elimination of unprofitable sales and
promotions as well as due to synergies from the merger. We viewed these changes
as necessary to establish a sound base of profitability from which to grow.
Despite the perception during the first two years that we were not focused on
growing our business, we were planning to do just that in 2007 through our
increased inventory investment. Unfortunately, we did not foresee the severe
economic turbulence ahead. In hindsight, 2007 was not a good year in which to
operate with increased inventory. The higher inventory investment coupled with
the difficult economic environment led to a significant increase in markdowns to
clear product, especially seasonal product which has a shorter life than basic
items. This created a double hit on gross margin; both lower volume due to
declining sales and a lower gross margin rate due the increased markdowns. As a
result, our gross margin dollars declined by more than $1 billion from the prior
year.
Our current plan is to take a more conservative posture in
2008. First, we begin 2008 with a lower inventory level. Domestically, our
inventory is down nearly $300 million (when you adjust the $160 million of
previously consigned pharmacy which is now included in our inventory since the
first quarter of 2007). Also, we are currently planning for reduced inventory
purchases in 2008, especially in the spring/summer and fall/winter seasonal
apparel categories. And we intend to more tightly manage our operating expenses
in 2008 to improve our productivity and in light of the economic environment.
But we plan to continue to invest for the long term in enhancing our
merchandising capabilities, improving our multi-channel experience, enhancing
the in-store customer experience with additional Lands’ End shops and Craftsman
in Kmart, and expanding our Home Services offerings.
There were several successes in 2007 that I would like to
recognize.
The first one is Sears Canada, which
increased its Adjusted EBITDA by nearly 20% to $495 million this year, or 8.8%
of sales. The Sears Canada team has done an excellent job in focusing on the
merchandise offerings and optimizing promotions, resulting in a 150 basis point
expansion in their gross margin rate.
For the second consecutive year, Lands’ End achieved a record year in the profitability of its traditional direct business
(i.e., catalog, online, and inlet stores) increasing its earnings by 12%. This
performance is impressive as 2007 was not a very good year for apparel and
speaks to the strength of the Lands’ End business. Not only is it a respected
brand appreciated by many customers for its great combination of quality and
value, it is also a highly profitable operating business.
Finally, our cash flow generation remained
strong as we generated $1.6 billion of operating cash flow in 2007, which
exceeds the $1.4 billion generated last year. We ended the year with $1.6
billion in cash, as we deployed $4.3 billion in 2007 as follows:
- $2.9 billion for share repurchases;
- $600 million for net reductions of debt;
- $580 million for capital expenditure reinvestments in our business; and
- $220 million contributed to our legacy pension obligations.
During the year we increased our buyback activity and
reduced our shares outstanding by nearly 15% as we repurchased approximately 22
million shares at an average price of $135 per share. In hindsight, although we
believe it was a prudent use of cash, it would have been better if we had
exercised more patience in the buyback as our share price continued to decline
as the year progressed. However, my experience is that it is difficult to
predict short-term stock price performance and that one should make the best
decisions one can with the available information and a long-term perspective.
History of cash flow generation
Over our three years of operating as a combined company, we
have generated significant cash flow. Cash flow generation refers to cash
from operations, which is the cash generated from running the business. The
reason for the focus on cash from operations is because we believe that it
provides the best view of the ongoing cash generation capability of the
enterprise as it excludes the effect of borrowings (other than the interest
expense) and other financial transactions like acquisitions, divestitures, asset
sales, and share repurchases. Obviously, it makes a big difference whether cash
was earned from running the business or borrowed from a bank – the big
difference being that amounts borrowed must be repaid, with interest.
Cash from operations is before taking into account capital
expenditures. Some of our capital expenditures are discretionary investments
that we choose to make back into our business. This is an important point that
doesn’t seem to be as widely understood as it should be. Managers make an
explicit choice among a number of alternatives when deciding to invest funds
back into the business. The only sound economic reason to make such a choice is
when we believe the capital expenditures will earn a better return for our
shareholders than other potential uses would produce. If we are not convinced
that capital expenditures will produce acceptable returns, the better course is
to use this capital in other ways, including returning these funds to our
shareholders through buybacks or dividends.
Some have wondered why we haven’t invested more money in
our stores. This is a legitimate question. In theory, a company can always
invest more money in its operations, but, when we make an investment we expect
to earn an appropriate return. Since we have invested a significant amount of
capital in hundreds of stores, we have some good data to work with to better
understand what works and what does not. In some cases, our investments have
led to higher earnings in the stores in which we invested and we continue to
make investments like those today. In other cases, however, the investment has
not led to acceptably improved performance.
Let’s look at a hypothetical example. Imagine that we
invested $200 million to remodel or improve 100 stores, or $2 million per
store. If the store profitability after that investment is exactly the same as
before, then the $200 million investment generates 0% in return. By simply
keeping our money in cash, we could have earned anywhere from 3-5% over the past
several years, which is better than the 0% return in this case.
The related question then becomes: why can’t you find ways
to invest in your stores that generate an acceptable return? That’s exactly the
problem we have been working to solve and we will continue to work until we
solve it. Until then, we will seek to be responsible with our shareholders’
capital and to make decisions based on the results of the portfolio of tests
that we have in process at any point in time.
Pressing this point even further, some might ask, if you
can’t justify investing in your stores, then how are you going to grow your
business? To be clear, we are not saying that we can’t justify investing in our
stores. The issue is more about the size and type of investment as well as the
timing and sequencing of an investment. There are many things that a retailer
can do to improve its business without the significant amounts of capital that a
major remodel would require. Improving the assortment of products and services,
mix of inventory, visual presentation, recruitment and training of employees,
and marketing and communications to customers are all ways to generate improved
performance. They all require significant investments, but we already invest a
significant amount of capital and expense in all of these areas. The key is to
improve the productivity of these investments. Our marketing and labor spend is
in the billions of dollars each and we need to work diligently to get the most
from these significant investments. Fundamentally, our capital allocation
decisions are influenced by the alignment of management and owners with the goal
of creating value for the shareholders of the business.
Let me return to the main point, which is that cash
generated from operations is one of the key factors of our business. But we
also need to consider one more factor: pension contributions. Cash from
operations (as defined by accounting rules) is reduced by the cash contributed
to pension plans, which has been significant for us over the past three years.
However, we do not consider this cost to be part of cash from operations because
it does not represent a current operating cost. Both Sears and Kmart have
legacy pension obligations, which we inherited and which do not relate to
current operations. These pension obligations arose because both predecessor
Sears and Kmart companies promised pension benefits to associates but did not
provide funds sufficient to pay for that promise at the time (given changes in
interest rates, actuarial assumptions, and returns on plan assets). Over the
past three years, we have contributed approximately $800 million pre-tax to the
Sears and Kmart pension plans and we currently expect to contribute several
hundred million more in total over the next few years. However, we (along with
the rating agencies) view this pension cost as more akin to a repayment of debt
incurred years ago than an ongoing cost.
With all that being said, how much cash have we generated
from operations over the past three years? From my perspective it is about $6
billion, computed as follows:
| Cash from operations |
|
$5.3 billion |
| Add back pension contributions |
|
$0.8 billion |
| Total |
|
$6.1 billion |
That is certainly a significant amount of cash that has
been generated by our enterprise since 2004.
Uses of cash
Over the last three years, we have spent a total of $4.3
billion on share repurchases. We have repurchased 33 million
shares at an average cost of $132 per share. With this buyback activity, we
have reduced our shares outstanding by 20%. For those investors who have sold
their shares, we have helped provide liquidity to exit their investment. For
those investors who have held onto their shares, they get to participate to a
greater extent in the company’s future performance.
Debt reduction has been another area of
significant focus for us over the last three years. We have reduced our total
obligations by more than $3 billion, in the following two ways. First,
we have repaid $1.8 billion of our debt. Our debt balance is currently only
$2.3 billion ($3.0 billion with capital leases) – which is quite modest for a
company of our size and with our earnings. This number includes the debt of
Sears Canada and Orchard Supply Hardware. Excluding this subsidiary debt leaves
a remaining balance of $1.6 billion.
Second, we have focused on reducing our pension and
other retirement benefit obligations (as noted above, this is similar to debt).
Over the past three years we have reduced this obligation by $1.3 billion,
cutting our retirement benefit liabilities in half from their balance of $2.6
billion at the time of the merger. This reduction is mostly due to the $800
million we have contributed to pension plans, but the payments we have made for
other legacy retiree benefits (like medical coverage and life insurance) and the
investment returns generated by our pension assets have also contributed to the
reduction in the liability.
In contrast to the attention that our share repurchases
have received, it is generally not well understood or appreciated how much we
have reduced our debt and pension obligations. Our decision to reduce debt
stands in contrast to the practice of some other retail companies that have
increased their debt levels significantly in recent years.
In addition to share repurchases and debt reduction, we
have also invested in our business over this period, as we have devoted $1.7
billion to capital expenditures. The total investment in our
business is $2.0 billion if you include the $300 million we deployed last year
to increase our ownership in Sears Canada. We have remodeled hundreds of stores
during that time and have invested significantly in new technology platforms and
information systems to enhance our online, supply chain and merchandising
capabilities.
As a public company we are always focused on shareholder
returns. However, as you can see, we simultaneously reduced our obligations and
invested in our businesses over this time period. As a result of these actions,
we enter 2008 fortunate to have a strong balance sheet. This, accompanied by
cash flow generation, can be a very powerful combination, especially in
difficult economic times. Among other things, it provides the capacity to
pursue opportunities which may become available due to the environment. At the
end of the day, our goal is to create value by generating cash and using that
cash wisely, not simply to accumulate cash.
Resources
As we look forward to 2008 and beyond we certainly face a
number of challenges -- some based on the macroeconomic environment, and others
specific to our company. At the same time, we see a number of important
resources that are unique to Sears Holdings. As our company strives to
experience success in the years to come, we will need to draw heavily upon these
important attributes.
One of our most important resources is the great brands we own, in particular DieHard, Craftsman, Kenmore, and Lands’
End. All four of these brands have significant equity with customers and
provide tremendous opportunity for value creation. To illustrate, let me
discuss one of them, DieHard, in more detail. Based on brand recognition
studies, DieHard leads in customer recognition among car battery brands by a
wide margin, but it lags dramatically in market share. Why? We believe it is
due to fewer points of distribution. As a proprietary brand, DieHard is only
available in 900 Sears Auto Centers and 1,400 Kmart stores. Yet it is competing
with other batteries that are available in thousands of locations across the
country. Further, a car battery purchase is a duress purchase event, in which
the customer is looking for the nearest, most convenient solution.
Unfortunately, it is not always us, but there is an opportunity for us to
rethink our brand distribution strategy to create value.
Home services, including installation,
delivery, and repair, represent another important resource of our company. Our
extensive network of in-home and in-store service businesses gives us a great
opportunity to retain long-term relationships with our customers – a chance to
deliver value not only at the point of sale but on an ongoing basis, and a
chance to learn continuously about our customers and what they like and do not
like about our products.
We also benefit from owning multiple growing and profitable on-line businesses, which enhance our multi-channel customer
experience. Sears.com, Landsend.com and PartsDirect.com are all successful ways
that we are engaged with our customers. For those who are not familiar with
PartsDirect.com, it is the website through which we provide repair parts. In my
view PartsDirect.com clearly illustrates the power of the online selling channel
as it combines access to both the product (carrying more than 7 million repair
parts from 450 manufacturers) and information (more than 750,000 schematic
diagrams of products and the parts of which they are comprised) necessary to
help our customers replace worn-out parts on their own. Clearly, it is going to
be essential in the years and decades to come for any retail business to be not
just competent but outstanding online. I would not put Sears Holdings in the
outstanding category yet, but I believe we are trending in the right direction.
Sears Holdings also benefits from possessing substantial real estate assets. We have a physical presence in almost all major
communities in the United States. In addition, we own a significant number of
our larger stores including about 750 Sears Full-line, Kmart and The Great
Indoors store locations. We also own 10 distribution centers as well as our
Home Office campus located in Hoffman Estates, Illinois. We believe that these
properties are a substantial benefit to our business.
All of these assets are valued by our customers and allow
us to present solutions to enhance our customers’ lives. Not only do we have a
legacy of trust, which we seek to continually strengthen, we also are known for
the quality and value of our products and services, which we are able to present
to our customers through multiple channels. Our associates in our stores are
also critical resources, who are at the front lines of building customer
relationships every day.
As we look ahead, these are some of the unique assets we
see playing critical roles in the future of Sears Holdings.
New Structure and Personnel Changes
We have recently undertaken a reorganization of the
internal workings of Sears Holdings. The idea behind the reorganization is to
drive decision-making down into the organization and to harness free-market
forces to convert a centrally planned company into a more decentralized
company. In effect, Sears Holdings will operate as a holding company that owns
five types of businesses: operating businesses; support businesses (e.g.,
finance, marketing); online businesses; real estate businesses; and brand
businesses. In the case of the operating and support business categories, there
will be a number of business units that fall into those categories, each run by
a single leader accountable for its results. The holding company will define
the “Sears Way” of doing business, appoint the leaders of the business units,
and have its senior executives act as board members for each of the business
units.
We know that corporate reorganizations are often greeted
with skepticism, but we do believe strongly in the spirit and philosophy behind
this reorganization. Our hope is that the new structure will bring much more
focus, clarity, and accountability to the process of analyzing the performance
of our company’s various business units. In turn, the hope is that greater
visibility and accountability will help us identify, monitor, and accelerate the
improvements we require to be more competitive. The pace of implementing the
new structure will depend on the ability of each business unit leader and the
needs of each business unit.
Our mission is to provide our customers with the products
and services they want. And, we need to be prepared to supply them where and when our customers want. In many cases, that may not be
exclusively through our stores. Instead, it could be online, via catalog, or
possibly even through other retail outlets. We will now have a dedicated brand
team who will manage our branded products – Kenmore, Craftsman, and DieHard,
that way. Furthermore, we will have a Real Estate business that will act as an
internal landlord, providing access to space and maximizing the value of that
space over time. In order to be successful in the future we need to more
quickly adapt to the changing marketplace and we believe that this structure
will help us do that. We have begun the process of transforming the
organization to this new model, but it will take some time to build the
processes and information systems necessary to support the structure.
In addition to these structural changes, Sears has recently
announced a few important changes in our senior executive ranks. In any
company, especially in turnaround situations and in difficult times for an
industry, one would expect that there would naturally be executive and employee
turnover. We strive to give our managers and associates sufficient
opportunities to learn, to grow, and to take responsibility for driving their
businesses. Retail is a challenging industry and the ability to attract and
retain talent is a high priority for us at Sears Holdings. At the same time, we
need to ensure that we continue to promote and build a performance-oriented
culture. I want to specifically recognize all of the associates who fulfill our
mission every day, helping to improve the lives of our customers by providing
quality services, products, and solutions that earn their trust and build
lifetime relationships.
In late January we announced that we have begun a search
for a new chief executive officer for Sears Holdings. I want to take this
opportunity to again thank Aylwin Lewis, for his leadership and dedication over
the past three-and-a-half years, first as CEO of Kmart and most recently as CEO
of Sears Holdings. Aylwin led the integration of Kmart and Sears Roebuck and
helped meld these two cultures. He has exemplified the qualities that are core
to our company and its principles: hard work and ethical leadership. I enjoyed
working with Aylwin over the last three years and I appreciate his contributions
to the Company and the support he has provided me.
Second, while we interview candidates to become our new
CEO, we are fortunate that we have such a strong interim leader in Bruce
Johnson. Bruce has begun implementing the important organizational changes that
will allow our business units to operate with greater independence, focus, and
efficiency. Bruce is an experienced retail and consumer products executive. He
joined Kmart in 2003 after five years at French retail chain Carrefour, where he
served as director, organization and systems and as a member of the management
board. Before that, Bruce spent 16 years at Colgate-Palmolive in various
positions. Bruce has worked hard not only to integrate and improve our supply
chain and increase our direct sourcing of product, but in 2006 took
responsibility for store operations as well. As interim CEO, Bruce is
overseeing the separate business units described above.
Finally, I will continue to lead the Office of the Chairman and focus on
identifying and attracting talented executives to our company, including a new
chief executive officer. I will also work to ensure that our new structure
supports our objectives of greater accountability, faster decision-making, and
increased profitability. I believe the reorganization will allow our
leaders to be more productive and efficient and allow us to attract talented
executives who are eager to take on the challenges of running their own
businesses.
* * * *
We remain committed to creating value, growing in a
disciplined way, and aiming to be a leader in the retail industry. As I said
last year, it’s important for all of us at the company to keep in mind that we
could not do any of this without your continued support as shareholders. We
sincerely thank you for allowing us to work on your behalf, and we look forward
to continuing our efforts in 2008 and beyond.
Respectfully,
Edward S. Lampert, Chairman
Cautionary Statement
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements: Certain statements contained in this letter contain forward-looking statements
within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Those statements include, but are not limited to: statements about the ability
of Sears Holdings (the “Company”) to increase its revenue and profits, innovate,
manage spending and invest its capital profitably; the Company’s risk management
processes; the Company’s inventory levels, debt capacity and future cash flows;
future share repurchase activities; the Company’s pension liability and its
ability and plans to fund its pension obligations. These forward-looking
statements are based on assumptions about the future that are subject to risks
and uncertainties. The following factors, among others, could cause actual
results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements: the
risk that the Company fails to offer merchandise and services that its customers
want; the risk that the Company does not successfully manage its inventory
levels; the ability of the Company to compete effectively in the highly
competitive retail industry; the Company’s failure to successfully invest
available capital could negatively affect the Company’s performance; the Company
may fail to properly implement and realize the expected benefits from our new
organizational structure and operating model; comparable store sales may
fluctuate for a variety of reasons; the Company may rely on foreign sources for
significant amounts of merchandise, and its business may therefore be negatively
affected by the risks associated with international trade; the possibility of
disruptions in computer systems to process transactions, summarize results and
manage the Company’s business; the loss of key personnel; the Company may be
subject to product liability claims if people or property are harmed by the
products it sells; the Company may be subject to periodic litigation and other
regulatory proceedings, which may be affected by changes in laws and government
regulations or changes in the enforcement thereof; and a decline in general
economic conditions, consumer spending levels and other conditions could lead to
reduced consumer demand for the Company’s merchandise. Certain of these and
other factors are discussed in more detail in the Company’s filings with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, these forward-looking
statements are intended to speak only as of the time of this letter and no
undertaking is made to update or revise them as more information becomes
available.
|